| 刘亦师.20世纪50年代北京新建大型旅馆建筑初探[J].建筑师,2017,(5):91-100. |
| 20世纪50年代北京新建大型旅馆建筑初探 |
| A Preliminary Study on Beijing's Hotel Construction in the 1950s |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 1950年代、北京、旅馆、设计思想、建筑样式、北京市联合饭店办公室 |
| 英文关键词: The Fifties, Beijing, Hotel, Design Philosophy, Architectural Style, Beijing Municipal Joint Of fi ce of Hotel Management |
| 基金项目: |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 在不同时代、不同政治体制下，大型旅馆都是社交聚会的中心场所和塑造城市形象的重要建筑物。北京在1950年代曾建造了一批旅馆建筑：1956年前建成了和平宾馆、北京饭店等6大饭店以及供外国专家住用的友谊宾馆，1959年的十大工程中有3项也是旅馆建筑。旅馆建设贯穿了整个20世纪50年代，是建国头十年间历次建筑思想运动的重点讨论内容，也与社会主义国家建构密切相关：其建筑样式宣示了我国在冷战格局下的政治立场，从而取得对外的安全而独立的国际地位，其经营方式则反映出对内提升国家制度和管理能力的切实进展。本文以原始档案和图像史料为基础，辨析1950年代新建大旅馆的设计思想和建筑样式之异同、原因及其所反映出的当时建筑界思想的曲折发展，分析它们与我国近代及同时代西方和苏联的联系，讨论其运营所反映出新中国扩充机构、完善制度等方面的探索对国家建构所起的作用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The hotel is more a social and civic center for any society under any political system, and makes a substantial contribution to transforming the landscape of the city.A good number of large state-run hotels were built in the 1950s in Beijing: six renowned hotels including Peace Hotel and Beijing Hotel were erected before 1956 in addition to Friendship Hotel and International Hotel that accommodated foreign technical experts exclusively,and 3 more large hotels were brought into being as part of the Ten Grand Projects in celebration of the P.R.C.'s tenth anniversary.The construction of large hotels continued through the fi fties, not only constituting a critical part of architectural debates and political movements of the time, but also intertwined with state building of socialist China.On account of the wealth of fi rst hand archival and visual materials, this paper scrutinizes the construction background of all Beijing's large hotels of the fi fties that resulted in different stylistic choices in light of Western and Soviet in fl uence.It also ruminates on the relations between the hotel, institutional design and the process of state building under Chinese socialism. |
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