| 左伟灿.美国居住隔离及包容性住房政策研究综述：成因、影响及启示[J].建筑师,2023,(2):113-119. |
| 美国居住隔离及包容性住房政策研究综述：成因、影响及启示 |
| Residential Segregation and Inclusionary Housing in the U.S.：Causes，Impacts，and Implications |
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| DOI：10.12285/jzs.20230404008 |
| 中文关键词: 居住隔离、包容性住房政策、保障性住房、社会融合 |
| 英文关键词: Residential segregation,Inclusionary housing policy,Affordable housing,Social inclusion |
| 基金项目: |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 美国的居住隔离现象一直备受学术界的高度关注，是众多学科研究的焦点。深入了解美国居住隔离产生的原因及其变化，对我国的城市发展和政策制定有很好的借鉴作用。本文通过文献综述，剖析了美国居住隔离的成因，总结了其发展变化以及产生的社会影响，并系统介绍了美国包容性住房政策的产生和发展以及对居住隔离的影响。分析认为：（1）导致美国居住隔离的主要因素包括社会经济地位差异、社会偏好和歧视；（2）美国种族居住隔离依旧明显但程度整体呈缓慢下降趋势，居住隔离模式逐渐偏向阶层之间的居住隔离，其尺度也从社区上升到城市；（3）居住隔离加剧了社会不平等，抑制了弱势群体的流动性，最终导致贫困集中和社会矛盾激化；（4）包容性住房政策可以有效提高保障房的供应量，有消除居住隔离、促进社会融合的潜力。在此基础上，本文提出了三点对中国住房政策的启示：大力推行并优化包容性住房政策，促进社会融合；深化户籍改革、扩大住房保障的覆盖面，消除体制化的弊病；住房保障既要“补砖头”又要“补人头”。中国住房政策应吸取美国居住隔离和包容性住房政策的经验和教训，对中国城市发展和社会和谐稳定具有重要意义。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Residential segregation in the U.S. has always been of great concern in academia，and it has been the center of attention for many disciplines. Understanding the causes of residential segregation in the U.S. and how it has changed over time can shed light on urban development and policy making in China. Through a literature review，this paper investigates what causes residential segregation in the U.S.，how it has changed and what the social impacts are，and systematically reviews inclusionary housing policies in the U.S.—its emergence and development，as well as its impact on residential segregation. The paper makes the following points：（1）The main factors that contribute to residential segregation in the U.S. includes the differences in socioeconomic status，social preferences，and discriminations. （2）Residential segregation is still evident in the U.S.，but it is becoming less severe at a very slow pace. Meanwhile，residential segregation in the U.S. is moving towards a new regime characterized by rising class segregation and the scale has changed from neighborhood level to city level. （3）Residential segregation reinforces social inequalities，constrains mobility of the disadvantaged，and eventually leads to concentrated poverty and intense social conflicts. （4）The inclusionary housing policy can effectively increase affordable housing provision and have potential to reduce residential segregation and foster social inclusion. Based on this，the paper includes a discussion of three implications for China’s housing policy：promote and optimize inclusionary housing policy while striving to foster social and economic inclusions；deepen the household registration reform and expand the coverage of housing security to eliminate institutionalized residential segregation；and provide both project-based and human-based housing subsidies. China’s housing policies should draw lessons from American residential segregation to avoid similar problems arise，which is essential for China’s urban development as well as social harmony and stability. |
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